通过精当地瞄准并命中敌方坦克，我们可以伤害直至击毁敌方坦克。但这过程并不简单。一旦你击中了敌方坦克，游戏会计算你击中了敌方坦克哪个部分，你的炮弹是以什么样的角度击中其装甲，敌方装甲的等效厚度（受入射角影响）是多少，从而最终判定你是否击穿了敌方坦克的装甲。

Aiming properly and hitting the enemy tank are only the means to an end, and that is actually damaging and eventually disabling it. And that is not automatic. Once you have hit an enemy vehicle, the game then calculates where the shot hit the enemy, at what angle you struck the armour, the effective thickness of the armour (based on the impact angle), and thus ultimately whether your shell penetrates the armour.

入射角（Impact Angle）

穿透敌方装甲的关键，在于AP、APCR、HEAT、HE炮弹的入射角。当然，理想的入射角是敌方装甲的法线方向（即向敌方装甲垂直入射）。实际上，入射角是指炮弹入射方向与敌方装甲法线方向的夹角。实战中，炮弹的飞行弹道有助于判断入射角，这对用高弧度弹道发射AP或者HEAT炮弹的火炮来讲，尤其重要。

如果炮弹击中了某些模块（例如：履带、观察装置、炮塔），此时入射角并不考虑在内，但如果炮弹击中的是炮管那么入射角依旧需要考虑。

对于HE炮弹，并不考虑入射角，因为它们是靠爆炸来进行杀伤的。

【译注：当时做了俩试验，一次让短管704拿榴弹斜着招呼虎王前甲，结果全出伤害；接着从车库里揪出38H揣满手榴弹故意斜砸黑豹前甲，结果全报未击穿。】

The angle at which an Armour Piercing (AP) or Armour Piercing Composite Rigid (APCR) shell hits the target’s armour is crucial for penetrating it. The ideal impact angle is along the normal, i.e. perpendicular to the armour plate. The actual impact angle is calculated as the deviation from the normal. For this, the ballistic flight path of the shell is taken into account, which can be particularly important for artillery guns and their high arcing trajectories if you fire AP or HEAT shells with them.

If the shell hits an external module (e.g. tracks, observation device, turret rotator), impact angle is not taken into account. The exception to this rule is the gun.

Impact angle is also not taken into account for High-Explosive (HE) shells, because those explode on impact.

炮弹转正效应（Shell Normalization）

【译注：可以参考http://www.stwaracademy.com/thread-23846-1-1.html。另，请尽量读其原文…】

AP和APCR的入射角，在接触到战车钢板时，会出现转正效应，即向入射点装甲的法线方向转正【译注：请想象一只小蝌蚪努力调整姿势，正对着墙，往里钻】。在遇到间隙装甲时，炮弹计算转正，如果炮弹穿透了间隙装甲，炮弹将会沿转正后的方向继续飞行，一旦它接触了车体装甲，再次转正。炮弹的剩余穿深（即原始穿深减去间隙装甲的等效厚度）决定了炮弹是否能够穿透车体装甲【译注：这就是黑洞装甲么？】

现在版本中AP和APCR的转正效应分别是5°和2°，并不会随机浮动。

HEAT、HE弹现行版本并没有转正效应。

跳弹（Ricochet）

如果炮弹 AP APCR 在进行转正效应修正过后的入射角达到了70°，HEAT达到了80°，那么会出现跳弹现象，炮弹会被目标装甲弹飞而不会造成任何伤害。在炮弹穿透了间隙装甲之后再击中车体装甲时也可能出现跳弹现象。

如前文所述，在炮弹击中除炮管外的外置模块【译注：至少包括履带和油箱】时，并不计算入射角，所以在这些模块上并不会出现跳弹现象。

击中地面、建筑物或者残骸不会出现跳弹。

If the normalized impact angle of an AP, APCR  shell on the target’s armour exceeds 70°, a ricochet (also called a bounce) occurs and the shell is deflected off the target without causing any damage. A ricochet can also occur on the hull armour after penetrating spaced armour.

As mentioned above, impact angle is not taken into account when hitting external modules excep the gun, so a ricochet off those is impossible.

A ricochet off terrain features, buildings or wrecks is impossible.

碾压现象（Overmatch）

如果AP或者APCR的口径达到了装甲标准厚度的2倍及以上（比如120mm炮弹击中60mm厚装甲）。炮弹转正将会遵循如下公式：基础转正*1.4*炮弹口径/装甲标准厚度。注意如果初始入射角大于70°时依然会跳蛋。

如果AP或者APCR的口径达到了装甲标准厚度的3倍及以上（比如120mm炮弹击中40mm厚装甲）。即使入射角大于70°，也不会发生跳蛋。

HEAT和HE炮弹，或者击中外部模块时没有碾压现象。

装甲等效厚度（Effective Armour Thickness）

在坦克世界游戏中，坦克各个地方的装甲厚度都不一样，游戏里只分别标出了炮塔和车体的前、侧、后的主装甲的厚度。但是实际上坦克模型要更为细致【译注：可参考https://xvm.garphy.com/?page_id=129 ，以及http://gamemodels3d.com/model/r202】，使用穿透指示器有助于了解目标实际各个部位的装甲厚度。

但是游戏中标出的装甲厚度只是炮弹需要穿透的最小厚度，当入射角被确定之后（炮弹并不是总是垂直入射的），等效厚度才是炮弹需要穿透的装甲厚度，而等效厚度会比标出的装甲厚度要大。

Your tank is armoured with plates of varying thicknesses. The game only provides you with the nominal armour strength of the three main armour plates of your tank’s hull and turret, respectively. However, the tanks are actually modelled in much greater detail. The penetration indicator can help you discover the actual nominal armour thickness of your target.

However, the nomimal thickness of an armour plate is just the minimal amount of armour a shell impacting it must penetrate. As soon as the impact angle deviates from the normal, i.e. is not perfectly perpendicular to the armour plate’s surface, the effective armour thickness that the shell needs to penetrate will be higher than the nominal armour thickness:

装甲等效厚度是：用装甲的标称厚度除以入射角的余弦值后得到的值。例如在上图中我们有一块标称厚度为100mm的装甲，如果此时入射角为30°，那么我们得到的等效装甲厚度就是100mm/Cos(30°)=115.47mm，而这才是炮弹所需要穿透的装甲厚度。换言之，在30°入射角的情况下我们的装甲是标称厚度的115.47%

The effective armour thickness is calculated by dividing the nominal armour thickness with the cosine of the nominal impact angle. For example, in the diagram above we have a nominal armour thickness of 100mm and an impact angle of 30°, thus we have an effective armour thickness of 100mm/cos(30°) = 115.47mm that the shell needs to be able to penetrate. In other words, at an impact angle of 30° the armour is effectively over 115.47% stronger than its nominal value.

下表展现了各个入射角（计算转正效应之后）下的装甲等效厚度

The following table provides the coefficients for a number of normalized impact angles:

如图所示，装甲等效厚度随着入射角的加大，以指数级别增加。当炮弹以60°入射时，装甲厚度是标称厚度的2倍，而以70°入射时则接近3倍。超过70°则按跳弹处理，并不考虑等效厚度。

所以你在射击你的目标的时候，这些因素都应当被纳入统筹考虑范围，从而决定是否射击以及往哪里射击。减小一点点的入射角都会以指数级别减少目标的等效装甲厚度，之前你无法穿透的目标可能突然变得不堪一击。这也就是为什么我们总需要从两个不同的角度去攻击目标（因为敌人不可能在两个不同的角度都同时拥有很高的等效厚度）。一个目标只能在某一个方向最大化它的装甲，当它因为受到来自两个不同方向的攻击而转动车身进行调整时，它在两个方向上的等效厚度会以指数形式衰减（如果是自己碰到了这种情况，最佳对策是摆一个完美的角度对着其中一个敌人，然后攻击另外一个）。

As you can see, the effective armour thickness increases expontentially with the impact angle. For shells impacting you at 60° your armour is effectively twice as thick and at 70° nearly three times as thick. As explained above, for angles higher than 70° all shells will ricochet regardless of armour thickness.

The same applies to your targets, of course, so always take that into account when deciding if and where to shoot them. Reducing the impact angle to your target only slightly will exponentially reduce its effective armour thickness and a target that was previously impossible for you to penetrate may suddenly become easy prey. This is also the reason why you should always attack from two different angles at once. A target can only maximize their effective armour in one direction, as soon as they try to accomodate two possible impact angles they suffer an exponential loss in effective armour thickness towards both of them (thus if you are the one getting flanked while in a strongly armoured tank it is best to maximize your effective armour towards one opponent while shooting the other one).

装甲均质系数（Aromour Homogenization Factor）

坦克世界之前存在均质系数系数，根据装甲板的品质，相当于实际厚度的100%-120%。这个系数已经被移除游戏

浮动穿深（Penetration Randomization）

游戏中显示的炮弹在某门炮中的穿深是一个平均值。实际穿深将在此值基础上，上下浮动25%。你每次打出的炮弹在击中目标时，都会在这个范围之内取一个随机值，从而得到你这发炮弹的实际穿深。

Penetration values displayed for a gun/shell combination are average values. The actual penetration value is randomized by up to +/- 25% around the average value. Randomization occurs on impact with the target, separately for each new shell you fire.

距离衰减（Penetration Loss over Distance）

 【译注：根据xml记载，明斯克采用定义方式解决穿深衰减问题，即0-100米定义一个均穿值（A值），500-720米定义一个均穿值（B值），100-500米均穿值（由A至B）线性递减，详见https://xvm.garphy.com/?page_id=129中的总素表-炮管一项。（一般坦克炮弹的极限射程为720米。小口径机关炮会更短，B值的距离范围另行规定。超过极限射程时，穿透指示器显示炮弹穿深为零）

总之，xml组对wiki该节说法的正确性保留意见】

由于炮弹的长距离飞行，炮弹会出现穿深损失。而这取决于炮弹的种类和坦克使用的火炮种类。

·AP只有很低的穿深损失

·APCR有较高的穿深损失【鹰文wiki称：10级中坦的APCR例外】

·HE和HEAT没有穿深损失

游戏中显示的数据是炮弹在某中火炮中在0-100米上的平均穿深（在这个距离上没有穿深损失）。

远距离的穿深值游戏中并没有给出。有一个简单的规律：高级炮比低级炮有更小的穿深损失。例如，早期试验车的白板炮对于AP弹有17.5%的穿深损失，对于APCR有51.7%的穿深损失。而鼠式坦克对于AP弹仅仅只有2%的穿深损失，对于APCR也只有15.4%。

Since shell speed decreases the longer a shell flies, the game models linear penetration loss over distance depending on the gun and shell type used:

• Armour Piercing (AP) shells experience low penetration loss over distance.
• Armour Piercing Composite Rigid (APCR) shells experience high penetration loss over distance.
• High-Explosive (HE) and High-Explosive Anti-Tank shells (HEAT) shells experience no penetration loss at all.

The penetration values displayed in game indicate average penetration values at 0-100m distance (no penetration loss occurs within this range). Penetration values at higher distances are not displayed. As a rule of thumb, the higher the tier of the gun used, the lower the penetration loss over distance. For example, a Leichttraktor loses up to 17.5% penetration firing AP shells and 51.4% firing APCR shells with its default gun, whereas a Maus only loses about 2% with AP and 15.4% with APCR.

二次击穿（Double Penetration）

无论第一次碰撞的结果是跳弹之后被弹飞还是击穿之后继续在坦克内部行进，炮弹在第一次碰撞之后还能继续飞行。此时炮弹的剩余穿深，等于炮弹在击中目标时得到的浮动穿深减去炮弹之前穿透装甲的等效厚度。剩余穿深决定此时炮弹能否击穿之后的装甲。而只要此时炮弹还有剩余穿深，没有装甲的车体模块和成员必将中枪。

需要注意的是，击穿模块设定在游戏中被简化了。当炮弹击中战车A时，在第一次碰撞之后，炮弹被束缚在A目标内而无法击中其他目标，即使目标B就紧挨着目标A。这意味着，即使目标B在炮弹的弹飞路线上，炮弹也不能在A目标上发生跳弹然后继续飞行击穿B目标，或者发生一炮击穿A目标之后继续击穿B目标的情况。【译注：xml组对该段持保留意见】

炮弹在击中地面或建筑物的时候，飞行路径终止。

A shell can continue its flight path after the initial impact, either on the outside of the tank in case of ricochet or inside of the tank following penetration of spaced armour, hull armour or external modules. The remaining penetration potential is the initial penetration value, randomized at the point of impact +/- 25%, minus whatever effective armour thickness that was penetrated. This remaining penetration potential is then used to calculate whether any other armour plates that are hit can be penetrated. Internal modules or crew members have no armour and thus will always get hit if any penetration potential is left in the shell.

Note that the penetration model is simplified and after initially impacting a vehicle a shell is “bound” to this vehicle and cannot hit any other tank anymore. That means that a shell can neither ricochet off a tank to hit another tank within its deflected flight path, nor can a shell pass through a tank to hit another tank behind it. A shell’s flight path also ends after impacting the ground or buildings.

就算你的炮弹击穿了敌人的装甲，它的旅途还没有结束，对方坦克并不会自动掉血。伤害取决于你的炮弹在击穿装甲后的飞行路线，沿途击中了对方的哪些部件。一发炮弹可以对穿一辆坦克却不造成任何伤害。

If your shell penetrates the enemy tank’s armour, its journey is not over, the enemy tank does not automatically take damage. It all depends on the path of your shell after penetrating the armour and what parts of the enemy tank it hits on that path. A shell can indeed pass clean through a tank without causing any damage.

炮弹伤害 Shell Damage

每种弹药都有特定的伤害能力数值。游戏机制中将HP伤害和模块、车组伤害区分开，而只有HP伤害能力会在游戏中显示出来。潜在的模组和车组伤害能力与HP伤害能力分开计算，且游戏中不显示。

每种弹药的模组和车组伤害能力数值是单独平衡的——大致说来，低等级炮会造成更多模组/成员伤害，更少HP伤害（相对而言）；而高等级炮相反。原因是，低级车的车组和模组的血量远多于车体的HP——又一种隐藏属性【译者：详见https://xvm.garphy.com/?page_id=129】——而高级车正好相反。

Each shell has a specific damage potential. The game mechanics differentiate between armour damage and module and crew damage, but only the potential armour damage of a shell is actually displayed in game. The potential for module and crew damage exists in addition to the armour damage potential and is not shown in game.

The potential for module and crew damage is balanced individually for each shell – generally speaking low tier guns can cause more critical damage than armour damage, whereas the inverse is true for high tier guns. The reason is that low tier tanks have considerably more module hitpoints – another hidden property of your tank – than they have armour hitpoints. At high tiers the opposite is true.

伤害浮动 Damage Randomization

正如穿深会浮动一样，所有炮弹的伤害会上下浮动25%，不论何种弹药。火炮显示的伤害能力是平均值，弹药显示的伤害能力是范围。但有一点要注意，弹药的伤害数值会四舍五入到最近的整数，而游戏内真正的伤害是舍去小数的。这是显示上的问题，两个数值其实都不对；服务器会使用实际值。

Just like shell penetration, all shell damage is randomized by up to +/- 25%, regardless of shell type. The gun properties display the average value. The shell properties display the damage range. Note, however, that the shell values are rounded to the nearest integer, whereas the damage amounts shown in game are truncated. This is a display issue, and both are incorrect: The server uses the exact values.

车体HP伤害 Armour Damage

每种车都有血量（HP），在车库会显示。坦克进入战斗时是满血，因为你不修满就不让你加入战斗。。。每次坦克受到HP伤害时，HP会相应减少。一旦某辆车血量掉到0，它就被摧毁了。在一场战斗中，剩余的血量会以血条的形式显示在目标坦克上方。

间隙装甲是一种特殊形式的装甲，用来偏斜炮弹的飞行路线，同时减少HE弹的爆炸伤害。间隙装甲与车体装甲是分开的，因此间隙装甲受损不会减少车体本身的HP。

Each vehicle has hitpoints, displayed in the garage. Each vehicle enters the battle with 100% hitpoints because you must repair any damage taken by your vehicle in a previous battle before you are allowed to join the fight in it again. Each time the vehicle takes armour damage, its hitpoints get reduced. Once a vehicle’s hitpoints reach zero, the vehicle is destroyed. During a battle, the remaining hitpoints of a vehicle are represented by the progress bars displayed over the targets you aim at.

Spaced armour is a special type of armour that exists to deflect a shell’s flight path and to protect against the explosion blast from high-explosive (HE) shells. Spaced armour is special in that it is separate from the hull armour. Damage applied to spaced armour does not reduce the hitpoins of the vehicle itself.

AP，APCR和HEAT弹 AP, APCR and HEAT Shells

AP，APCR和HEAT弹只有击穿才能造成伤害。一旦装甲被击穿，对方将受到伤害能力所示的伤害数值，上下浮动25%。其他因素不影响伤害的计算。比如，是刚刚好击穿厚装甲，还是很容易就击穿纸装甲，伤害是一样的。

AP, APCR and HEAT shells cause damage only if they manage to penetrate the target’s hull armour. Once the hull armour is penetrated the target will take the full listed damage, +/- 25%. Other factors play no role to the damage calculation. For example, it makes no difference whether you barely penetrated or easily penetrated the target.

HE弹 HE Shells

【译注：根据包括明斯克更新日志在内的各种消息，本部分被频繁改动，下文仅供参考】

图：HE伤害模型 High-Explosive shell damage model

钢板群是附着于战车模型上的一套多边形。

钢板群有其独特的装甲参数。

在游戏中，这些钢板群中的每块钢板都是独立的物体。

钢板群在图片中用亮色表示。

我们用轨迹线来判断在冲击波的传播路径上是否有障碍物。

 

1. 当HE弹击中坦克的钢板群时

•首先用该炮弹穿深和等效装甲厚度来判断是否击穿。

•如果HE弹击穿坦克装甲，会在击穿处产生一个伤害区域【译注：目测是个以击穿点为球心，以溅射范围为半径，画出的一个球】。那么在此区域内的任何内部模块或者车组都会中枪。

•如果HE弹没有击穿坦克装甲，系统会寻找一个弹着点附近没有障碍阻隔的，能输出最大伤害的爆发点。此时的伤害区域为以爆发点为顶点的一个45度的圆锥体。

 

2. 当HE弹击中坦克的间隙装甲时

•首先判断HE弹是否击穿间隙装甲。

•如果击穿，系统会寻找一个弹着点附近没有障碍阻隔的，能输出最大伤害的爆发点。但此时伤害区域是以击穿点为球心的球体。

•如果间隙装甲并没有被击穿，系统会寻找一个弹着点附近没有障碍阻隔的，装甲最薄弱的爆发点。此时的伤害区域为以此点为顶点的一个45度的圆锥体。

 

3. 当HE弹并没有击中坦克而是击中附近地面或是建筑物时

•当HE爆炸时会产生一个爆炸范围，在爆炸范围与车体的重叠部分，系统会寻找一个伤害最大的触及点来计算伤害。

•伤害区域为以此触及点为顶点的一个45度的圆锥体。

•在这个伤害区域内的坦克内部模块或者车组均会受到伤害。

•如果HE弹没有直接命中车体，所有的在爆炸范围内的坦克外部组件均会受到伤害。

 

• 【译注：HE伤害模型图内说明，与以下的译文出入有以下几点：
• 1）HE击穿了之后是不是所有内部组件都受伤，还是只有一个区域；
• 2）间隙装甲如果未击穿外层，那么伤害怎么算。文字中只是说，大部分都是0伤害，没说具体怎么算。图中说了一点。
• 3）间隙装甲的伤害区域，如果击穿外层，图中说是圆形，然后算车体是锥形；而文字中说是两次锥形（同样方法算两次）。
• 以上可能为不同版本的游戏机制，现行版本采哪种设定暂不明。】

 

对HE来说，情况比较复杂，无论是击穿还是未击穿，甚至近失弹也能造成伤害。

The situation is more complex for HE shells because both penetrating and non-penetrating hits and even misses can cause damage.

如果HE弹击穿了装甲，就和上述其他弹药一样，按照完整的伤害能力数值上下浮动25%。因为HE弹击穿装甲后在车体内爆炸，因此所有内部模组和车组乘员都可能受到伤害（参见下述模组和车组伤害）。

If this type of shell penetrates the hull armour, the situation is identical to the one just described for the other types of shells, damage is done to the full listed potential, +/- 25%. Since the shell, as high-explosive ammunition, explodes inside of the vehicle after it passes through the armour, any internal modules or crew caught within the explosion radius risk taking damage/getting knocked out (see Module and Crew Damage below).

但是，HE弹一般穿深都不高，除非你仔细瞄准装甲薄弱点射击，一般很难击穿，此时HE弹在目标车体外，弹着点处爆炸。如果HE击穿了间隙装甲，它也会在击中真正的车体装甲前爆炸。另外，假如你射失，炮弹会在弹着点爆炸，假如目标在爆炸范围内，也会受到伤害，爆炸的覆盖范围与弹药种类有关。这些情况下，车体装甲没有被HE击穿，伤害会略低些，按照以下公式计算：However, HE shells typically have low penetration values, so unless you aim carefully at a weakly armoured area of your target, you will not penetrate and the shell explodes on the outside of the target vehicle at the point of impact. This also applies if a HE shell penetrates spaced armour, which causes it to explode before hitting the hull armour. Finally, even if you miss the target, the shell will implode on impact and may still cause damage to the target if that lies within the explosion radius, which depends on the shell used. In all these cases where hull armour is not penetrated by the shell itself, the amount of damage is lower and calculated according to the following formula:

真实伤害 = 0.5 x 标称伤害 x（1 – 受创距离/溅射范围）- 1.1 x 标称装甲厚度 x 内衬系数

假如安装了防崩落内衬，计算车体HP伤害时，内衬系数可能是1.2、1.25、1.3、1.5（取决于内衬种类），否则是1（也就是说，防崩落内衬对保护外部模组没有效果）。真实伤害如果小于0，则不受伤害。

SpallCoefficient is 1.15 if spall liner is installed and you calculate armour damage, otherwise 1 (i.e. a spall liner does not protect external modules). actualDamage results of zero or below mean you cause no damage.

受创距离就是目标被爆炸冲击的位置与弹着点的距离，也就是将弹着点与目标受创点做直线连接，中间不能有障碍物。由于爆炸范围会覆盖目标表面的一个区域，游戏机制会自动选取按照上述公式取最大真实伤害的点作为受创点。也就是说，会在最近的接触点与标称装甲最薄点之间做一个折衷。理想情况下，爆炸会触及目标无装甲的位置，比如某些坦歼或是自走炮的开放式顶部或后部。

ImpactDistance is the distance between the point of impact of the shell and the point of impact between the explosion’s blast and the target along a straight, unobstructed line. Since the blast will cover an area of the target’s surface, the game selects the spot that leads to maximum damage according to the above formula, i.e. it will be a trade-off between the spot with the lowest nominalArmorThickness and the closest spot that can be hit. Ideally your blast wave reaches an unarmoured area of your target, e.g. the open top and rear on certain tank destroyers or self-propelled guns.

一旦受创点被选定，真实伤害数值计算出来，这一发炮弹可能对目标造成的潜在伤害能力也就确定了。实际伤害根据正常规则计算，但对于模组和车组有以下的限制：

Once the exact point of impact has been determined this way, the actualDamage amount is determined as well as is the actual damage potential that the shell can now cause to the target. Whether this actual damage potential causes any damage to the vehicle follows the normal rules, but with the following limitation regarding internal modules and crew:

• 如果炮弹在车体上爆炸，那么冲击波将在车体内传导。以弹着点为顶点，按照转正后的入射角，画出一个45°的圆锥形区域。这个区域内的内部车组和模组可能受到损伤。【译注：该“转正后的入射角”不意味着手榴弹可以得到转正，就像“不饿的人”可以包含“5小时内没进食过但确实没有饿感的人”。】
• 如果炮弹在其他位置爆炸，只有冲击波溅射到目标，则冲击波不会在车体内传导。因此，内部模组和车组成员不会受到伤害【译者：但外部模组依然会受损，比如履带。简单说来，火炮如果射中地面溅射，顶多断履带坏观察口，不会死人。】

• If the shell exploded on the vehicle itself, then the propagation of the blast wave into the tank is simulated by calculating a cone-shaped area 45° wide originating from the point of impact of the shell along the normalized impact vector. Damage to internal modules and crew is possible within this area.
• If the shell exploded elsewhere and only the external blast wave impacted the vehicle, then no propagation of the blast into the vehicle itself takes place. Because of this no damage to internal modules and crew can occur.

如果间隙装甲首先受冲击，则对内部的车体装甲按照如上规则再计算一次。由于第二次的伤害是基于第一次剩余的潜在伤害，一般结果都会是0，也就是没事。

If spaced armour is impacted by the blast wave first, the calculation above is conducted a second time for the underlying hull armour. Since this second calculation is based on the remaining reduced damage potential, its result is typically zero, i.e. no damage.

模组和车组伤害 Module and Crew Damage

如前所述，炮弹不光可以对车体HP造成伤害，还会击伤内部模组和车组成员。HP伤害与车组/模组伤害是独立的，就是说击中这个模块仅仅影响该模块，对坦克的HP没有影响，而击中坦克车体装甲也不会影响各个模组。但是，一发炮弹在击穿装甲后可能会穿过某个模组/车组位置，因此同时对车体HP和模组/车组造成伤害。【译注：根据7.5的更新日志，动能弹在未击穿钢板即未直接触及模组和车组时，也可能对其造成伤害】

As mentioned above, you can not only damage a vehicle’s armour, but also its modules and crew. Armour damage and module/crew damage are distinct. That means hitting a module only affects that module, not the hitpoints of the tank, just like hitting the armour does not affect a module. However, the same shell can damage both hull armour and module(s) or crew since it travels through the tank after penetrating the hull armour.

损伤状态 Damage States

跟车体HP一样，每个模组和车组有自己的HP。战斗中仅能看到简化的模组/车组HP显示，用三种不同颜色区分：

Just like the vehicle’s hull, also each of its modules and crew have hitpoints. During a battle, you only see a simplified display of the amount of hitpoints remaining on your modules and crew represented by one of three colour states in the damage panel at the bottom left of your screen. These states are:

• 默认（无底色）：HP足以让该模块/车组正常工作。
• 黄色：该状态表示模块仍然能够工作，但是受了很重的伤害。履带在黄色状态下仍然完全有效，【译注：但http://wiki.worldoftanks.com/Suspension中称
  If a track is damaged the vehicle will move at a reduced speed.”，即“会以受限的速度移动”】其他模块则以50%效率工作。车组成员没有黄色状态。
• 红色：该状态表示模块无法工作/车组成员失去战斗能力。这个状态下的车组成员无法发挥任何作用，除非使用消耗品救治（HP会全部回复）；而模组则会不停抢修，直到回到“黄色”状态。

• Default (i.e. no colour shading): Enough hitpoints for module and crew to be fully operational.
• Yellow: This state signifies that a module has taken considerable damage but is still operational. Tracks remain fully operational in this state, whereas every other module works at 50% efficiency. Crew members have no yellow state.
• Red: This state signifies that a module is in-operational/a crew member is knocked out. Crew members remain in this state unless a consumable is used to restore them to full health, whereas modules will automatically be repaired over time by your crew up to the “Yellow” state of being operational.

All module and crew state changes are accompanied by a voice message.

豁免判定 Saving Throw

当某模块或成员被击中，不一定就会受伤。大部分模块都有一个不受伤害的几率。这被称作豁免判定。每个模块的基本受损几率如下：

When a module or crew member is hit, they do not necessarily take damage from the hit. Instead, most modules have a specific chance not to take damage. This is also referred to as a saving throw. The base chances of damaging a specific module or crew member when hitting it are as follows:

• 悬挂: 100%
• 发动机: 45%
• 油箱: 45%
• 观察口: 45%
• 电台: 45%
• 炮塔座圈: 45%
• 火炮: 33%
• 弹药架: 27%

• Suspension: 100%
• Engine: 45%
• Fuel Tank: 45%
• Observation Device: 45%
• Radio: 45%
• Turret Ring: 45%
• Gun: 33%
• Ammunition Rack: 27%

所有的车组成员被击中时受伤的几率都一样，但从0.7.4版本起不同弹药的伤害几率不同:

All crew members have the same chance to get knocked out when hit, however starting with game version 0.7.4 this chance depends on the damage type:

• 被AP/APCR/HEAT击中: 33%
• 被（车体内）爆炸击中: 10%

• Crew hit by AP/APCR/HEAT shell: 33%
• Crew hit by (internal) explosion: 10%

假如在开炮时炮手健在并拥有致命一击技能，AP/APCR/HEAT击伤车组和模块的几率会提高3%。

Each of these base chances to damage a module or knock out a crew member can be increased by 3 if the Deadeye perk is active for your gunner at the time of a shot with an AP, APCR or HEAT shell.

其他因素对这些几率没有影响。弹药架中目前存放多少弹药并不会影响你爆弹药架的几率。

No other factors influence these chances. The amount of ammunition you are carrying does not affect the chance of your ammunition rack taking damage.

灵车 Complete Crew Death

需要注意的是，当所有车组成员都受伤时，坦克就失去了作战能力。这时候也不能使用消耗品来治疗车组成员，也就是说，这辆坦克已经废了。它会视为被摧毁，尽管车体仍然停在战场上，剩下的血量还在。

Note that as soon as all crew members are knocked out, the tank becomes inoperable. Consumables to restore a crew member’s health cannot be applied anymore at this point, i.e. there is no way to restore the tank to operating condition. It counts as destroyed, even though its hull stays on the battlefield with all its remaining hitpoints.

殉爆 Ammunition Rack Explosion

假如弹药架的HP掉到0，它就会爆炸，无论剩余多少HP，它和它的车组都会被完全摧毁。你可以安装水套或者让装填手学习规整弹药特长来增加弹药架模块的HP。

【译注：xml组目前无法肯定装备此类配件究竟能否有效影响实战，玩家可至https://xvm.garphy.com/?page_id=129查询炮弹对模块伤害值及模块HP，自行判断】

If the ammunition rack’s hitpoints reach zero, it explodes, destroying the tank and its crew completely regardless of the remaining hitpoints on either of them. You can increase your ammo rack’s hitpoints by installing “Wet” Ammo Rack equipment or by training the Safe Stowage perk on a crew member with the role of loader.

起火 Fire Damage

敌人可能通过以下两种方式将你的坦克击中起火：

There are two ways the enemy can set your tank on fire.

• 如果油箱的HP掉到0，坦克就会自己起火。
• 每次发动机被击中，都会有一个几率让坦克起火。这个几率根据不同发动机类型有所不同，在游戏中发动机模块属性栏里有显示，在维基上也有数据。注意，传动系也算在发动机模块里。

• If your fuel tank’s hitpoints reach zero, your tank automatically catches fire.
• Each time your engine gets hit, there is a chance that your tank catches fire. This chance depends on the engine and is displayed on the engine module’s properties in game or here on the wiki. Note that the transmission counts as part of the engine.

当坦克起火时，它会持续受到车体HP伤害和成员/模组伤害。具体伤害数值跟坦克类型有关，游戏里没有显示。起火的时间也跟坦克类型有关，另外还有车组成员的灭火技能，驾驶员是否有引擎保养专长，以及是否配备了自动灭火器。你也可以使用手动灭火器手动将火扑灭。

While your tank is on fire, it constantly takes both hull as well as module and crew damage. The exact damage rate depends on the tank but is not displayed in game. The duration of the fire also depends on the tank, on your crew’s effective Firefighting skill level, and whether your driver has the Preventative Maintenance perk active and whether you use Automatic Fire Extinguishers consumable. You can also extinguish a fire manually by using Manual Fire Extinguishers consumable.

撞击伤害 Ramming Damage

同样，也可以撞伤对方坦克。撞击将会在撞击点产生一个与HE弹相似的冲击，冲击的力度，也就是伤害能力，取决于撞击的动能（0.5 x总重量x相对速度^2）,换句话说，你和对手的重量之和，以及你们的相对速度。你和对手的总吨位越重，你们撞击的速度越快，产生的冲击力就越强。

You can also damage a target by ramming it. The collision creates an explosion at the point of impact similar to that of a high-explosive shell. The strength of the explosion, i.e. the damage potential, depends on the kinetic energy applied in the collision (0.5 * combined weight * relative speed^2), or in other words the combined weight of you and your target as well as your relative speed. That means that the heavier both you and your target are and the faster you collide, the stronger the explosion caused by the collision will be.

但是，伤害能力会按照二者的重量占总重的比例进行分配（1 – 个体重量/总重）。举个例子，假如你（的坦克）重75吨，撞击一个25吨的对手，你只会受到25%的爆炸总冲击。

However, that damage potential is distributed according to the weight of each of the two colliding vehicles relative to their combined weight (1 – individual weight / combined weight). For example, if you weigh 75 tons and you ram a target weighing 25 tons, only 25% of the explosion will affect you.

实际伤害则按照HE爆炸伤害的规则进行计算，因此，撞击薄装甲的目标/部位要比撞击厚装甲目标/部位伤害更高。防崩落内衬也可以减少撞击伤害。驾驶员学习专注撞击的话，能够进一步减少自己受到的撞击伤害，增加对方受到的撞击伤害。

Actual damage calculation then follows the same rules as for high-explosive shell explosions, thus ramming lightly armoured targets/areas of the target will cause more damage than strongly armoured parts. Damage taken can be reduced by having a Spall Liner equipped. You can further reduce damage taken and at the same time increase the damage inflicted to the target by having your vehicle’s driver trained in the Controlled Impact skill.

如果你就要被敌人撞上了，你可以驶离接近的敌人，这样就降低了相对速度，同时将自己装甲厚重的部位对准敌人。假如驾驶员学习了专注撞击专长，你还是要动起来，这个能力才会生效。

If you are about to be rammed, you can reduce the damage you will take by moving away from the approaching enemy, thus reducing your relative speed, and pointing your strongest armour at them. If your driver has the Controlled Impact skill, you need to be moving to activate it, anyway.

零伤害击穿 ZERO DAMAGE HITS

击穿了却没造成任何伤害，也叫“我们重创了敌人！”“再来一发他们就完蛋了！”的零伤害击穿，曾经让无数玩家坑爹骂娘，也酝酿了无数的阴谋论调。但是，根据以上的伤害机制，大部分情况下这只是一点点负RP，或者错误的显示/语音提示导致的。未击穿和跳弹，击中间隙装甲，或者击中外部模组，对普通玩家来说是挺难分辨的，而这些都会造成“零伤害”的显示（实际上仍然可能造成模块或者车组伤害，但射击的玩家看不到因此被忽略了）。

Hits that cause no damage, also called zero damage hits, are notorious among the player base, and various conspiracy theories abound in their respect. However, in most cases they are simply the result of the above described game mechanics in conjunction with poor and sometimes incorrect visual and audible feedback given to the player about what happened with their shell. Bounces and ricochets, hits to spaced armour or to external modules are difficult to distinguish for the player, yet they all have a chance of not resulting in any visible armour damage to the enemy tank (they might still cause module or crew damage, but that is not always immediately visible to the attacking player and thus dismissed).

基本每个玩家都遇到过零伤害击穿，就好像每个人都打歪过一样。但是，通过对以上伤害机制的透彻理解，可以帮助减少这种情况。游戏是有随机性的，但是你总会射中你瞄准的区域，也就是瞄准圈套住的部分。因此，明智地选择瞄准点，就会增加你伤害到目标的机会。

Everybody experiences zero damage hits, just like everybody experiences misses. However, a thorough understanding of the game mechanics described above will help you minimize them. There is randomization in the game, but you will always hit what you aim for, namely the area covered by your dispersion circle, so aim wisely to maximize the chances of your shots to damage your target.

“见鬼了”弹 GHOST SHELLS

玩家时常抱怨开炮后根本不知道炮弹飞到哪里去了，要么出膛后直接消失不见，要么直直穿过对手，仿佛对方不存在一样。

Players also like to claim ghost shells, i.e. shells that either disappear straight out of the barrel or pass straight through a target as if it wasn’t there.

第一种情况，可能是由于玩家客户端缺少尾迹效果——从另一个角度看看回放，你就能看到了。

The first type is typically due to the player missing the visual tracer effect – watching the battle’s replay from a different angle will reveal it to you.

第二种情况，极少数情况下是由于严重的延迟，导致服务器/客户端之间失去同步——你在客户端看到的并不是服务器端发生的真实情况，而服务器端的数据才算数。另外，也有可能是由于碰撞模型和车体模型之间的偏差导致。碰撞模型是车体外观模型的简化版，被划分成不同的hitbox（伤害计算区）。如果两个hitbox之间并没有完美衔接上，就可能在中间产生一个空洞，导致一发入射角度刚刚好的炮弹从空隙中穿过。此外，一些坦克外观模型的某些部分是没有体现在碰撞模型里的，击中这个位置的炮弹就会直接穿过去。一般都是些坦克车体外挂的东西，比如工具盒，油箱等等。许多情况下这些东西只是装饰。

The second type can in rare cases be caused by heavy lag in the client/server connection that causes a synchronization loss – what you are seeing on the client is not actually what is happening on the server, and what’s happening on the server is what counts. It may also be caused by a mistake in the collision model of the opponent’s vehicle. The collision model is a simplified version of the visual model of the target vehicle, but separated into various hitboxes. If two hitboxes are not perfectly aligned, they may create a void between them that a shell can pass through if it flies through at just the right angle. Finally, for some vehicles there are parts of the visual vehicle model that are intentionally not reflected in the collision model and a shell can pass straight through them. This is often the case for elements fastened to a tank’s external hull, e.g. boxes or fuel tanks. In many cases these are just decoration.

【注：本节由hurricane06完成。】

如果你坦克上某些模块在战斗中被摧毁（变成红色），那么你的车组会马上开始修理该模块，即让该模块以一定速度回复HP。这个回复速度取决于具体模块本身（而不仅仅是它的类型，即同样是炮塔，鼠式的炮塔和早期试验车的炮塔修复速度就不一样）以及车组成员的修理技能。

If you take module damage during battle, your crew will instantly start repairing it by restoring a specific amount of hitpoints to the module every second. The actual amount that gets repaired every second depends on the specific module itself (not just its type) and the effective repair skill of your crew.

车组成员仅仅会把被摧毁的模块修到刚刚好能使用的程度（即变为黄色）。此时该受损（黄色）的模块的HP依然取决于具体模块本身。

【译注：xml组建议做如下理解：

maxHealth     maxRegenHealth/Repair HP
部件最大HP      部件修复HP                      HP为0
|———————–|————————-|部件HP坐标轴
|<-部件正常期间->|<–自动修理期间–>|
无事发生                     黄                     红，并开始自动修理（即回复部件HP）
/用给养后                                            但弹药架因为一红就爆，

                                                           所以没机会得到自动修理】

构件最大HP与相应修复HP可至https://xvm.garphy.com/?page_id=129查询】

Your crew will only repair a damaged module just enough to make it operational again, i.e. it will remain in “yellow” or damaged state. The exact amount of hitpoints this state represents depends on the specific module as well.

如果你想让你被摧毁的模块变得和以前一样好用，那么你必须使用一个消耗品（大修理箱或小修理箱）。小修理箱可以用银币购买，可以用来修理某一个被摧毁（或受损）的模块（从0.7.4版本开始，小修理箱可以同时修好两条断掉的履带）。大修理箱需要用金币购买，可以修好你使用大修理箱时所有的被摧毁和受损的模块。从0.7.4版本开始，大修理箱还可以额外对成员的修理速度提供10%的加成无论是否被使用。

If you take module damage during battle, your crew will instantly start repairing it by restoring a specific amount of hitpoints to the module every second. The actual amount that gets repaired every second depends on the specific module itself (not just its type) and the effective repair skill of your crew.

Your crew will only repair a damaged module just enough to make it operational again, i.e. it will remain in “yellow” or damaged state. The exact amount of hitpoints this state represents depends on the specific module as well.

To get a module fully operational again and restore all of its hitpoints to it during battle you must use a consumable. The Small Repair Kit is bought for credits and allows you to repair one module during the battle (starting from patch 0.7.4 both tracks can be repaired at once if they are both damaged). The Large Repair Kit costs gold and fully repairs all modules that are damaged at the time you use it. It will also provide a bonus of 10% to the crew’s repair speed unless consumed.