Source：http://ftr.wot-news.com/2014/01/26/su-85bm-and-su-122p-historical-guns-on-soviet-tds/
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前言：本文中所出现的地名均为暂译……如有出入请多海涵

Hello everyone,
大家嚎， 

Okay, this is something I wanted to post for a while now, after Yuri Pasholok posted two photos on his blog. Those of you, who play Soviet tank destroyers in World of Tanks, might remember the SU-85 and SU-100 elite guns. SU-85 has the 85mm D5S-85BM, while the SU-100 has the D-2-5S? But are they historical?
恩，这其实是我一直想发的东西了，在Yuri Pasholok发了两张图之后，我决定把它发出来。你们这些在WOT中玩苏联TD线的玩家们一定对SU-85和SU-100的顶级炮有印象。SU-85的顶级炮是85mm D5S-85BM，而SU-100的顶级炮是D-2-5S？但是它们真的是史实的吗？ 

Yep, they are. Meet SU-85BM and SU-122P.
没错，它们的确是史实的。来会会SU-85BM和SU-122P吧。 

SU-85BM 

As I wrote above, Yuri Pasholok posted this photo on his blog, that sort of “inspired” me to look up some info. There is not that much.
正如上面我所写的，Yuri Pasholok把下图发在了他的博客上，这在一定程度上“启发”了我要去找一些有关的信息。然而信息不是很多。

The photo is from January 1944 and it shows nicely this improved SU-85 variant. Based on the data from A.V.Karpenko (I really am not sure how reliable this author is, but it’s enough for start), the BM variant (high power) of the D-5S gun was created by the design bureau of Plant No.9, led by F.F.Petrov. The muzzle velocity of the gun was increased to 900 m/s, leading to 20 percent increase in penetration. The barrel was 1068mm longer than the one of the original D-5S and to compensate for this, the trunnions were pushed back by 80 milimeters. The prototype vehicle (the implementation of this gun into the SU-85) was made by the Uralmash plant in January 1944. It was tested at Gorokhovets proving ground between March and April 1944. It passed the tests, but was never accepted in service because of the appearance of the SU-100 project.
这张照片是在1944年的1月拍的，它很好的展现了这个SU-85的变种版。基于A.V.Karpenko的数据来看（我真的不知道这个作者的可信度有多高，但是作为起步已经足够了），D-5S主炮的BM（高火力）版是由⑨号工厂，F.F.Petrov所领导的设计局创造的。这杆炮的炮口速度被增加到了900m/s，也就提高20%的穿深。炮管比原来的D-5S长1068mm，为了补偿这一点，炮耳们被向后推了80mm。原型车（把这杆炮装在SU-85上）是由乌拉马许工厂在1944年1月制成的。它于1944年3月~4月期间在戈罗霍韦茨的试验场上进行了测试。它通过了测试，但是由于SU-100计划的出现，它从来没有正式服役。

SU-122P

This picture, again posted by Yuri Pasholok, shows the SU-122P being tested in November 1944. Based on this article, SU-122P is a SU-100 variant, equipped with the D-25 gun (ingame D-2-5S is really the same D-25 gun, just with a different breech mechanism). According to the article, the SU-100 could have been ready much earlier than it was (Summer 1944), but the problem was the D-10S 100mm gun development, that got delayed and so measures were taken to compensate, creating the SU-85M vehicle, which was basically a SU-100 hull with an 85mm gun from SU-85. Apart from this stopgap measure, Uralmash also developed a design of their own, the SU-122P, equipped with the powerful 122mm D-25 gun. Most of the components used for this vehicle came from the SU-100 design, but some did from the SU-85. The SU-122P was designed rather quickly, since D-10S and D-25 mounts took the same amount of space inside the vehicle and thus the D-25 was easy to implement.
上图依然是Yuri Pasholok发的，图上显示了一辆在1944年11月正在进行测试的SU-122P。基于此文所述，SU-122P是一辆SU-100的变种，装配了一杆D-25炮（游戏中的D-2-5S其实就是同一杆D-25炮，只不过后膛机制不一样罢了）。根据上文，SU-100的登场时间可以提前很多，但是问题出在了D-10S 100mm主炮的开发上，所以车辆的开发被拖后，就产生了一种解决办法，于是SU-85BM就登场了。SU-85BM其实是在SU-100的车身上装上一杆SU-85上的85mm主炮。除了这个暂时的解决办法之外，乌拉马许工厂同时研发了他们自己的一个版本，也就是SU-122P，装配的是一杆强力的122mm D-25炮。这辆车的大部分组件用的都是SU-100的组件，但是一部分是从SU-85上拿来的。SU-122P设计的还算快，因为装配D-10S和D-25所需要的车内空间差不多，因此装配D-25也就很容易。

The works on the prototype started as early as May 1944 and in September, the vehicle underwent factory trials. These trials were successful and after a few weeks, the prototype was sent to the army proving ground at Gorokhovets. There, the vehicle proved itself once again, but despite this success, the order to mass-produce it was not given. The reasons for that were following:
原型车的工作最早在1944年的5月就开始了，在同年⑨月，原型车就被送去做工厂测试了。这些测试都很成功，在几个礼拜止呕胡，原型车被送到了戈罗霍韦茨的军队试验场做测试。在那里，这辆车又一次的证明了自己。然而尽管这辆车的各种成功表现，他们还是没有下达最终的量产计划。下述原因：

– first of all, the D-25 had 4-5mm lower penetration than the D-10S, although the effect of HE shells was twice as big
首先，D-25的穿深比D-10S要低4~5mm，但是对于HE弹的影响是两倍大

– the vehicle could carry only 26 122mm rounds
这辆车只能带26枚122mm炮弹

– the rate of fire was reduced to 3-4 rounds per minute
射速会被降低到每分钟3~4发

– the recoil was higher than the one of the D-10S, having negative impact on the suspension, when firing the gun on the move
后坐力比D-10S的后坐力要大，在行进中开火时会对悬挂产生负面影响

– the problems with the combat compartment being too cramped were not solved
战斗室太挤的问题没有得到解决 

All this was enough to reject the SU-122P. To makes even worse, there was the deputy commissar of tank development Kotin’s opinion – he distrusted the principle of mounting high caliber guns on the T-34 chassis. And the last thing – the D-25 guns went for the IS-2 production and so it was considered not practical to have two platforms with the same gun.
尽管上述原因已经足以彻底否定SU-122P这个方案，雪上加霜的是， 坦克开发政委Kotin也早就给出了自己的意见—他对把大口径炮装在T-34底盘上一事持怀疑态度。还有最后一点—D-25炮早就已经拿去投入IS-2的生产了，所以他们认为在两种不同的底盘上装配同一杆炮是不实用的。