Source:http://ftr.wot-news.com/2014/10/25/ensigns-qa-23/
来源↗

Man, it’s been a while since the last one of these. Let’s see what’s clogging up the ol’ mailbox.
上一期这玩意已经是很久之前的事情了。来看看收件箱里都有些什么东西。 

Q: Several sources state that Soviet tank crews were forbidden from opening their hatches in combat and had to fight while buttoned up, reducing their ability to observe the battlefield. Is this true?
问：部分消息来源声称苏联坦克乘员是不允许在战斗中打开自己的坦克舱盖，所以他们只能在不知道外界情况的状态下战斗，降低了对战场的观测能力。这是真的吗？ 

A: Not entirely. TL;DR: Soviet tank crewmen must observe their surroundings with open hatches out of battle. When contact with the enemy is made, they must close the hatches, but may reopen them if the target is lost. In urban combat, hatches must remain closed.
答：并不全是。（左边链接的总结）：苏联坦克的乘员必须要在战斗之外的时候打开舱盖观察周围的情况。遇敌时必须关闭舱盖，但是在目标丢失后可以重新打开它们。在城市战时必须关闭舱盖。

Q: Is it possible to ignite a T-34 by shooting at external gas tanks?
问：能不能通过射击外置油箱来点燃T-34？ 

A: External gas tanks were either emptied or removed when entering combat, so their presence would be unlikely. Even if the vehicles were attacked mid-march, the fuel tanks are not connected to the fuel system, and if one catches fire or explodes, it will not destroy the tank.
答：在进入战斗时，外置油箱要么被放空，要么就被移除掉，所以它们存在于车身上的几率很低。就算坦克是在行军中被击中的话，这些油箱也都不是和燃油系统所连接在一起的，就算它起火或者爆炸了，它也不会摧毁坦克。 

Q: Do you have any information on reclamation of tanks and weapons? I heard that the Soviets didn’t start cleaning up the battlefields until the 1970s.
问：你有没有任何关于回收坦克和武器的消息？我听说苏联人直到1970年才开始打扫战场 

A: Soviet recovery teams searched battlefields immediately after the battle for tanks that could be towed back to recovery areas (SPAMs) and either repaired there or sent to back to a factory for refurbishment. However, tanks stuck in forests or swamps that were lost without a trace remained there for ages. Some are still there to this day.
答：苏联的回收队会在战斗结束之后立刻进入战场搜寻可以被拖回到回收区（SPAM）进行修理，或者被送回工厂翻修。然而陷在森林中或者沼泽中的无踪可循的坦克就会被一直丢在那。时至今日还是有一些。

Also, there was a significant drive to recover steel after the war, so it’s unlikely that perfectly good materials would be left for decades. I’ve talked to people that were born in the early 40s, and they recall playing in salvage yards filled with rusted tanks and guns in their childhood, which would put the start of massed recovery efforts into the late 40s or early 50s.
还有就是在战后有过要回收钢铁的运动，所以这些非常良好的原材料是不怎么可能会被留在那里很长时间的。我曾经和那些在40年代初出生的人聊过天，他们有相关于在童年时期在到处都是破烂坦克和主炮的回收厂里玩的记忆，所以这就把大规模回收钢铁的起始时间推到了40年代末~50年代初

Q: What is a good guide for ranges at which German tanks could penetrate Allied armour?
问：有没有什么好一些的关于德军坦克可以在什么距离上击穿盟军装甲的指南？ 

A: For nice colourful diagrams, there is always the Tigerfibel. For other vehicles, Osprey books have tables of how far tanks have to be from each other to penetrate various parts of their armour, but I haven’t looked into how accurate they are or whose sources they use.
答：要看彩图的话，可以去看Tigerfibel。其他车的话，Osprey的书上有关于两辆坦克所需要击穿对方不同位置装甲所需要的距离的表格，但是我看过这东西到底有多准确，或者是它们使用了谁的来源。 

Q: PzIII, PzIV and Panthers had side skirts to protect their side armour. How effective were these modifications?
问：三号坦克，四号坦克和豹式坦克都有侧裙甲来保护它们的侧面装甲。这些东西有多有效？ 

A: The side skirts protected from only anti-tank rifles, and were ineffective against any cannon caliber. I’ve read reports that the side skirts were extremely unwieldy, especially when driving in wooded areas, and would always get caught on things, but were useful in urban combat.
答：那些侧裙甲只能用来防御反坦克步枪，对于任何主炮的口径都是没有用的。我有读到报告说这些侧裙甲非常的不便，尤其是在有树木的区域中行驶的时候，还经常会被东西勾住，但是在市区战中很好用。

Q: How is an HE shell’s performance evaluated? I thought that a bigger caliber HE shell would perform better.
问：HE弹的性能是怎么判断的？我以为大口径的HE弹的性能会更好。 

A: Effectiveness of shells is evaluated by the amount of lethal shrapnel produced, and how far it flies. Bigger shell does not necessarily mean better HE action. If you put too much explosive in a shell, it will explode into dust, generally having a poor fragmentation effect. Too little, and the shell will crack open into only a few fragments, barely killing anyone at all. A good HE shell has a balance of explosive substance.
答：炮弹的性能是由它们能够造成多少致命弹片的数量，以及它们能够飞多远决定的。更大的炮弹并不意味着HE的表现会更好。如果炮弹中的装药量太大的话，它就会直接被炸成灰，没有什么破片效应。装药量太小的话，炮弹就只会炸成几个碎片，打不死几个人。一颗好的HE弹的爆炸物应该达到一个平衡点。 

The material the shell is made of also matters. American research showed that Soviet HE shells made of cast iron fragment better than American made shells of similar calibers, but are restricted to lower muzzle velocities.
炮弹的材料也有一定的关系。美国人的研究表明苏联人的浇铸钢铁的HE弹的碎裂性要比同口径下美国人的弹药要好，但是它们的炮口初速要差。 

As for the standards of effectiveness, the Soviets define an area of effect as a rectangle in which at least 50% of the targets are struck by lethal shrapnel. The British define this area as an area “on which the average density of throughs and deep strikes on vertical wooden targets is 1 per 10 square feet”. I haven’t come across German or American standards, but even these two show that the evaluation of HE varied from country to country, as did standards for AP penetration.
作为炮弹性能的标准，苏联把（炮弹的）作用区定义为一个：至少50%的目标都被致命弹片攻击了的长方形。英国人把这个区域定义为一个“在每10平方英尺中（大约60平方厘米）中在垂直木头目标上能够造成穿透和猛烈袭击的密度为1（次）的区域”。我到现在还没看到过德国或者是美国的标准，但是就算这样，上述两个标准也能说明HE炮弹的性能标准在每个国家都是不一样的，就像AP弹的击穿标准一样。 

Q: You mentioned you had a table of ranges at which the T-34 can penetrate a PzIII. Can I see it?
问：你提到过说你有个关于T-34可以在什么距离上击穿三号的表格，能让我看看吗？ 

A: Certainly. Digits cut off by the scan are shown as Xes.
答：当然。由于扫描的关系看不到的数字就用X来表示了 

That’s enough for today, I suppose. Don’t hesitate to send more questions to tankarchives@gmail.com.
我觉得今个就这么多了。发问题到tankarchives@gmail.com的时候别害羞。